In this episode, Telmen Altanshagai discusses Mongolia’s evolving energy landscape, from diversification strategies and regional connectivity to the governance challenges shaping the country’s path toward greater energy security.
Content
- Overview of Mongolia’s Energy Mix and Security Landscape
- Pathways for Energy Diversification
- Can China Serve as a Source of Energy Diversification?
- Heating Infrastructure and Urban Electricity Challenges in Ulaanbaatar
- Persistent Dependence on Coal
- Energy Access and Infrastructure in Rural Mongolia
- Structure and Dynamics of Energy Governance
- Potential Benefits of the Power of Siberia 2 Pipeline for Mongolia
- Domestic Expertise and Policy Debate on Power of Siberia 2
- Assessing the Need for an Oil Pipeline from Russia
- India’s Investment in Mongolia’s First Oil Refinery
- Mongolia’s Broader Energy Investment Strategy
- Domestic Investment Climate and Incentives for the Energy Sector
- China’s Expanding Energy Investments in Mongolia
- The East Asian Power Grid Concept and Regional Connectivity
- Energy Poverty and Socioeconomic Inequality
- Climate Change Impacts on Mongolia’s Energy Security
- Building Human Capital for Energy Security
- National Debt and Its Implications for Energy Policy
- Comparing Africa and Mongolia: Mining Wealth and Public Benefit
- Policy Priorities: What Should a Mongolian Prime Minister Do to Strengthen Energy Security?
- Future Directions and Research Opportunities
Telmen Altanshagai
Telmen is a Washington, D.C.-based independent policy analyst, Energy and Climate Intern at Observer Research Foundation America, Global Policy Institute Fellow, specializing in energy security and development economics across the Global South, with particular expertise on Mongolia, where her research examines how the global energy transition shapes the country’s economic stability and long-term development trajectory.
Selected Publications
Mongolia’s Gas Pipeline Diversification Comes With Risk
https://orfamerica.org/orf-america-comments/mongolia-gas-pipeline-diversification
Mongolia seeks new markets in Eurasia
https://eastasiaforum.org/2025/06/28/mongolia-seeks-new-markets-in-eurasia/
Mongolia’s Precarious Energy Security
https://thediplomat.com/2024/06/mongolias-precarious-energy-security/
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